Operating Systems

Windows Fundamentals for Security

Windows Fundamentals for Security: The 2025 Sysadmin & Analyst Field Manual Introduction: Why Windows Security is Everyone’s Problem With over 1.4 billion devices worldwide, Windows isn’t just an operating system; it’s the world’s largest attack surface. For cybercriminals, it’s target #1. This means whether you’re in IT, security, or compliance, understanding Windows security isn’t a niche skill—it’s […]

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Operating System End-of-Life Dates: The 2025 Definitive List (Windows, Linux, macOS)

Operating System End-of-Life Dates: The 2025 Definitive List (Windows, Linux, macOS) This is the single most important list in IT. Running an end-of-life operating system isn’t just bad practice—it’s a massive, documented cybersecurity risk. It’s the easiest way to fail a compliance audit and a primary vector for ransomware attacks. But with dozens of versions

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How to Reset Mac NVRAM, PRAM, and SMC (Intel vs. Apple Silicon Guide)

How to Reset Mac NVRAM, PRAM, and SMC (Intel vs. Apple Silicon Guide) Is Your Mac Acting Weird? Don’t Reinstall Yet. A flickering screen. A fan that won’t stop screaming. A battery that won’t charge past 80%. Your MacBook Pro that won’t turn on without being plugged in. These are the classic, frustrating symptoms that

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how to force delete file windows access denied

How to Force Delete a File or Folder in Windows: The Sysadmin’s Guide to “Access Denied”

How to Force Delete a File or Folder in Windows: The Sysadmin’s Guide to “Access Denied” You’re Not Locked Out. You Just Need the Right Key. “Access Denied.” It’s the most frustrating error in Windows. You’re an administrator. You own this machine. But some file, some folder, some ghost in the machine is refusing to

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apt vs yum vs dnf hand on laptop

apt vs yum vs dnf: The Linux Package Manager Cheat Sheet for 2025

apt vs yum vs dnf: The Linux Package Manager Cheat Sheet for 2025 Your Distribution’s App Store is a Command Line. Let’s Master It. If you jump between Ubuntu and Red Hat servers, that moment of panic is real. You need to install a package. Was it apt-get install or yum install? Or is it dnf now? You’re not forgetting

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